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at about the same time

  • 1 debido a

    prep.
    due to, as a matter of, for, because of.
    * * *
    due to, owing to, because of
    * * *
    = be reason of, because of, by reason of, by virtue of, due to, for reasons of, in connection with, in light of, in the face of, in the interest(s) of, in the light of, on account of, on grounds, on the grounds that/of, owing to, thanks to, out of, because
    Ex. For fifty years impregnated papers have been used which turn dark at every point where an electrical contact touches them by reason of the chemical change thus produced in a iodine compound included in the paper.
    Ex. This makes him feel somehow defficient and all because of his difficulty in making sense out of words in print with which his troubles began.
    Ex. In order that the picture may not be too commonplace, by reason of sticking to present-day patterns, it may be well to mention one such possibility.
    Ex. For example, the set of documents about 'programmed instruction' forms a class by virtue of sharing the common characteristic of subject content.
    Ex. This is in part due to the different stages of development reached by different libraries.
    Ex. It is important to recognise, then, that a variety of different indexing approaches are inevitable, not only for reasons of history and indexer preference, but because different situations demand different approaches.
    Ex. There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.
    Ex. This is essentially the traditional enterprise of cataloguing theory, but it is explored in light of current standards and developments.
    Ex. In the face of present priorities and staff commitments, the Library feels that it cannot undertake a comprehensive study of the subject heading system that would pave the way for a major restructuring of the system.
    Ex. In the interest of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.
    Ex. In the light of the information explosion, no researcher can now realistically expect to keep pace with developments in his own field, let alone those in allied fields = En vista del crecimiento vertiginoso de la información, siendo realista ahora el investigador no puede mantenerse al día en los avances de su propio campo y mucho menos de los de campos afines.
    Ex. Partly on account of the variety of bases for coverage there is significant overlap between the assortment of abstracting and indexing services.
    Ex. Apart from differing needs of users, indexing approaches may differ on policy grounds.
    Ex. AACR2 has been criticised on the grounds that it does not identify the cataloguing unit to which the rules refer.
    Ex. The simplest KWIC indexes are unattractive and tedious to scan owing to their physical format and typeface.
    Ex. It is a matter of some small pride that my account of the eighteenth edition of Dewey appeared at about the same time as the official publication of the scheme itself, thanks to the cooperation of the editor, Mr Ben Custer.
    Ex. But these and other interested people collected this type of books out of a mixture of curiosity and sentiment.
    Ex. In practice, many cataloguers favour the direct catalogue partly because it is simpler for the cataloguer to compile.
    * * *
    = be reason of, because of, by reason of, by virtue of, due to, for reasons of, in connection with, in light of, in the face of, in the interest(s) of, in the light of, on account of, on grounds, on the grounds that/of, owing to, thanks to, out of, because

    Ex: For fifty years impregnated papers have been used which turn dark at every point where an electrical contact touches them by reason of the chemical change thus produced in a iodine compound included in the paper.

    Ex: This makes him feel somehow defficient and all because of his difficulty in making sense out of words in print with which his troubles began.
    Ex: In order that the picture may not be too commonplace, by reason of sticking to present-day patterns, it may be well to mention one such possibility.
    Ex: For example, the set of documents about 'programmed instruction' forms a class by virtue of sharing the common characteristic of subject content.
    Ex: This is in part due to the different stages of development reached by different libraries.
    Ex: It is important to recognise, then, that a variety of different indexing approaches are inevitable, not only for reasons of history and indexer preference, but because different situations demand different approaches.
    Ex: There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.
    Ex: This is essentially the traditional enterprise of cataloguing theory, but it is explored in light of current standards and developments.
    Ex: In the face of present priorities and staff commitments, the Library feels that it cannot undertake a comprehensive study of the subject heading system that would pave the way for a major restructuring of the system.
    Ex: In the interest of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.
    Ex: In the light of the information explosion, no researcher can now realistically expect to keep pace with developments in his own field, let alone those in allied fields = En vista del crecimiento vertiginoso de la información, siendo realista ahora el investigador no puede mantenerse al día en los avances de su propio campo y mucho menos de los de campos afines.
    Ex: Partly on account of the variety of bases for coverage there is significant overlap between the assortment of abstracting and indexing services.
    Ex: Apart from differing needs of users, indexing approaches may differ on policy grounds.
    Ex: AACR2 has been criticised on the grounds that it does not identify the cataloguing unit to which the rules refer.
    Ex: The simplest KWIC indexes are unattractive and tedious to scan owing to their physical format and typeface.
    Ex: It is a matter of some small pride that my account of the eighteenth edition of Dewey appeared at about the same time as the official publication of the scheme itself, thanks to the cooperation of the editor, Mr Ben Custer.
    Ex: But these and other interested people collected this type of books out of a mixture of curiosity and sentiment.
    Ex: In practice, many cataloguers favour the direct catalogue partly because it is simpler for the cataloguer to compile.

    Spanish-English dictionary > debido a

  • 2 gracias a

    prep.
    thanks to, by the grace of, by grace of, owing to.
    * * *
    thanks to
    * * *
    = thanks to, courtesy of
    Ex. It is a matter of some small pride that my account of the eighteenth edition of Dewey appeared at about the same time as the official publication of the scheme itself, thanks to the cooperation of the editor, Mr Ben Custer.
    Ex. The aim of this project is to create a network of computer centres, where members of the public are given free access to microcomputers, courtesy of those willing to volunteer their time and equipment.
    * * *
    = thanks to, courtesy of

    Ex: It is a matter of some small pride that my account of the eighteenth edition of Dewey appeared at about the same time as the official publication of the scheme itself, thanks to the cooperation of the editor, Mr Ben Custer.

    Ex: The aim of this project is to create a network of computer centres, where members of the public are given free access to microcomputers, courtesy of those willing to volunteer their time and equipment.

    Spanish-English dictionary > gracias a

  • 3 χρόνος

    A time, Hom. (v. infr.), etc.: dist. fr. καιρός, D.59.35, cf. Ammon.Diff.p.79 V.; τῶν δὲ πεπραγμένων ἀποίητον οὐδ' ἂν χ. δύναιτο θέμεν τέλος P.O.2.17;

    μυρίος χ. Id.I.5(4).28

    , S.OC 618;

    μακρὸς κἀναρίθμητος χ. Id.Aj. 646

    ;

    ὁ πᾶς χ. Pi.P.1.46

    , cf. A.Eu. 484; πρόπας χ. ib. 898; ἐς τὸ πᾶν χρόνου ib. 670; but in Prose,

    τοῦ χ. τὸν πλεῖστον Th.1.30

    , cf. Isoc.9.41;

    τὸν πρῶτον τοῦ χ. X.Lac.1.5

    ;

    τὸν δι' αἰῶνος χ. A.Ag. 554

    ; χρόνου πολλοῦ δέονται take a long time, X. Smp.2.4, etc.;

    δότε τι τῷ χ. Antipho 5.86

    .
    b time in the abstract, ἀμερὴς χ. Timo 76;

    τριμερής S.E.M.10.197

    , cf. Plu.2.153b; defined by Zeno Stoic.1.26, Apollod. ib.3.260.
    2 a definite time, period, δεκέτης, τρίμηνος, S.Ph. 715 (lyr.), Tr. 164; χ. βίου, ἥβης χ., E.Alc. 670, El.20;

    πολὺν ἀριθμὸν χρόνου γεγονότες Aeschin.1.49

    : pl., of points or periods of time, τοῖς χ. ἀκριβῶς with chronological accuracy, Th.1.97; τοῖς χ. by the dates, Isoc.11.36; μετενεγκόντα τοὺς χ. altering the dates, D.18.225;

    μακρῶν καὶ πολλῶν χρόνων Pl.Lg. 798b

    ;

    τεσσαράκοντα χρόνους ἐνιαυτῶν IG5(1).728.7

     ([place name] Sparta), cf. 14.1747.3 ([place name] Rome); χρόνων μῆκος (dub., leg. χρόνου) Chor.35.51 p.403 F.-R.
    b date, term of payment due, Leg.Gort.1.10, al.
    c year,

    Ἑλληνικά 1.233

     (Rhamnus, i B. C.), PLond.2.417.14 (iv A. D.), App.Anth.6.154.1 (leg. εἷς ἔτι), Ps.-Ptol.Centil.24, cf. EM 254.13.
    d equatorial degree, Ptol.Tetr.44, Paul.Al.A.2, al., Cat.Cod.Astr.5(1).240.
    3 Special phrases:
    a acc., χρόνον for a while, for a long or short time, Od.4.599, 6.295, Hdt.1.175, 7.223, etc.; πολὺν χρόνον for a long time, Od.11.161;

    δηρὸν χ. Il.14.206

    ;

    οὐκ ὀλίγον χ. 19.157

    ;

    τοῦτον τὸν χ. Hdt.1.75

    ; ἐς τὸν αἰὲν χ. for ever, E.Or. 207 (lyr.); οὐ πολὺς χ. ἐξ οὗ .. Pl.R. 452c;

    παλαιὸς ἀφ' οὗ χρόνος S.Aj. 600

     (lyr.); ἦν χρόνος ἐν ᾧ .., or ὅτε .., Linusap.D.L.Prooem.4, Critias 25.1 D.;

    ἕνα χ.

     once for all,

    Il.15.511

    .
    b gen., χρόνου περιιόντος as time came round, Hdt. 4.155; so χ. ἐπιγενομένου, διεξελθόντος, προβαίνοντος, Id.1.28, 2.52, 3.53; χρόνου γενομένου after a time, D.S.20.109; ὀλίγου χρόνου in a short time, Hdt.3.134;

    πολλοῦ.. οὐχ ἑόρακά πω χρόνου Ar. Pl.98

    ; οὐ μακροῦ χ., τοῦ λοιποῦ χ., S.El. 478 (lyr.), 817;

    βαιοῦ κοὐχὶ μυρίου χ. Id.OC 397

    ;

    ποίου χρόνου; A.Ag. 278

    ; πόσου χ.; after how long? Ar.Ach.83.
    c dat.,

    χρόνῳ

     in process of time,

    Xenoph.18

    , Hdt.1.80, 176, al.: freq. in Trag., as A.Ag. 126, 463, Ch. 650 (all lyr.); also

    χρόνῳ κοτέ Hdt.9.62

    ;

    τῷ χ. ποτέ Ar.Nu. 865

    ; χρόνῳ, χρόνοις ὕστερον, long after, Th.1.8, Lys.3.39; οὐ χρόνῳ immediately, Ps.Democr.Alch.p.49B.: also c. Art.,

    τῷ χ. Ar.Nu.66

    , 1242.
    d ὁ ἄλλος χ., in [dialect] Att., of past time, D.20.16, ὁ λοιπὸς χ., of future, v. λοιπός 3; so χ. ἐφέρπων, ἐπαντέλλων, μέλλων, Pi.O.6.97, 8.28, 10(11).7; also κατὰ χ. ἱκνούμενον or κατὰ χ. < τὸν> ἱ. at a later (or the fitting) time, Ant.Lib.27.4 (cf.

    ἱκνέομαι 111.2

    ).
    4 with Preps.:— ἀνὰ χρόνον in course of time, after a time, Hdt.1.173, 2.151, 5.27, al.
    c διὰ χρόνου after a time, after an interval, S.Ph. 758, Ar.Lys. 904, Pl. 1055, Th.2.94;

    διὰ χρόνου πολλοῦ Hdt.3.27

    ;

    διὰ π. χ. Ar.V. 1476

    ;

    διὰ μακρῶν χρόνων Pl.Ti. 22d

    : but χρόνος.. διὰ χρόνου προὔβαινέ μοι means one space of time after another, day after day, S.Ph. 285.
    d ἐκ πολλοῦ τευ χ. a long time since, long ago, Hdt.2.58.
    e ἐν χρόνῳ, like χρόνῳ, in course of time, at length, A.Eu. 1000 (lyr.); for a long time, Pl.Phdr. 278d; ἐν πολλῷ χρόνῳ ib. 228a; ἐν χρόνοισι perh. formerly, [Emp.]Sphaer. 108 (leg. Κάρπιμος).
    f ἐντὸς χρόνου within a certain time, Hdt.8.104.
    g ἐπὶ χρόνον for a time, for a while, Il.2.299, Od.14.193, Hdt.1.116;

    πολλὸν ἐπὶ χ. Od.12.407

    ;

    χρόνον ἐπὶ μακρόν Hdt.1.81

    ; παυρίδιον or παῦρον ἐπὶ χ., Hes.Op. 133, 326.
    h

    ἐς χρόνον

     hereafter,

    Hdt.3.72

    , 9.89.
    i μετὰ χρόνον after a time, Id.2.52, etc.; μέχρι τοῦ αὐτοῦ χ. up to the same time, Th.1.13.
    k

    πρὸ τοῦ καθήκοντος χ. Aeschin.3.126

    ; so

    τοῦ χρόνου πρόσθεν S.Ant. 461

    .
    l σὺν (ξὺν) χρόνῳ, like χρόνῳ or διὰ χρόνου, A.Ag. 1378, Eu. 555 (lyr.).
    m ὑπὸ χρόνου by lapse of time, Th. 1.21: but ὑπὸ αὐτὸν τὸν χ. about the same time, Hdt.7.165, cf. Th.1.100 (pl.).
    V Gramm.,
    1 tense of a verb, D.H.Th.24, A.D.Adv.123.17, D.T.638.3.
    2 time or quantity of a syllable, Longin.39.4, A.D.Synt.130.4, al.: βραχὺς χ. a short syllable, ib.309.23; of the augment, ib.237.10.
    3 in Rhythmic and Music, time,

    διαιρεῖται ὁ χ. ὑπὸ τῶν ῥυθμιζομένων Aristox.Rhyth.p.79

     W., etc.; ὁ πρῶτος [χ.] time-unit, ibid., Aristid. Quint.1.14, etc.; χρόνος κενός ib.18: freq. in pl.,

    λέξις εἰς χρόνους τεθεῖσα διαφέροντας Aristox.Rhyth.p.77

     W., cf. Anon.Rhythm.Oxy. 9ii6; [

    μέτρα] προχωρεῖ ἕως λ χρόνων Aristid.Quint.1.23

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > χρόνος

  • 4 orgullo

    m.
    1 pride (actitud negativa, amor propio).
    no aguanto su orgullo I can't bear his haughtiness o arrogance
    2 pride.
    es el orgullo de la familia he's the pride of the family
    me llena de orgullo poder inaugurar este centro it fills me with pride o I am very proud to be able to open this center
    tuve el orgullo de conocerlo I'm proud to say I knew him
    no caber en sí de orgullo to be bursting with pride
    * * *
    2 (arrogancia) arrogance, haughtiness
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=satisfacción) pride
    2) (=altanería) pride
    * * *
    masculino pride
    * * *
    = pride.
    Ex. It is a matter of some small pride that my account of the eighteenth edition of Dewey appeared at about the same time as the official publication of the scheme itself, thanks to the cooperation of the editor, Mr Ben Custer.
    ----
    * con orgullo = proudly.
    * el orgullo de = showpiece.
    * herir + Posesivo + orgullo = hurt + Posesivo + pride.
    * llenar de orgullo = fill + Nombre + with pride.
    * orgullo cívico = civic pride.
    * orgullo desmedido = hubris.
    * orgullo herido = hurt pride.
    * orgullo nacional = national pride.
    * ser el orgullo de = be the pride and joy of.
    * tragarse el orgullo = swallow + Posesivo + pride.
    * * *
    masculino pride
    * * *

    Ex: It is a matter of some small pride that my account of the eighteenth edition of Dewey appeared at about the same time as the official publication of the scheme itself, thanks to the cooperation of the editor, Mr Ben Custer.

    * con orgullo = proudly.
    * el orgullo de = showpiece.
    * herir + Posesivo + orgullo = hurt + Posesivo + pride.
    * llenar de orgullo = fill + Nombre + with pride.
    * orgullo cívico = civic pride.
    * orgullo desmedido = hubris.
    * orgullo herido = hurt pride.
    * orgullo nacional = national pride.
    * ser el orgullo de = be the pride and joy of.
    * tragarse el orgullo = swallow + Posesivo + pride.

    * * *
    observaron con orgullo al niño they watched their child proudly o with pride
    el premio lo llenó de orgullo the prize made him feel very proud, he was filled with pride to be awarded the prize
    2 (soberbia) pride
    henchido de orgullo puffed up with pride
    sus hijos son su orgullo her children are her pride and joy
    * * *

     

    orgullo sustantivo masculino
    pride;

    orgullo sustantivo masculino
    1 (autoestima, pundonor) pride
    2 (soberbia, altivez) arrogance

    ' orgullo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    autosuficiencia
    - resplandecer
    - reventar
    - tragarse
    - exhibir
    - herir
    - soberbia
    - tragar
    English:
    flushed
    - honour
    - masculine
    - pride
    - proudly
    - swallow
    - glow
    - once
    - proud
    - swollen
    - vanity
    * * *
    1. [actitud] pride;
    no aguanto su orgullo I can't bear his haughtiness o arrogance;
    tragarse el orgullo to swallow one's pride
    orgullo gay gay pride
    2. [satisfacción] pride;
    es el orgullo de la familia he's the pride of the family;
    me llena de orgullo poder inaugurar este centro it fills me with pride o I am very proud to be able to open this centre;
    tuve el orgullo de conocerlo I'm proud to say I knew him;
    no caber en sí de orgullo, reventar de orgullo to be bursting with pride
    3. [amor propio] pride;
    le picó el orgullo y aceptó el reto it wounded his pride so he accepted the challenge
    * * *
    m pride
    * * *
    : pride
    * * *
    orgullo n pride

    Spanish-English dictionary > orgullo

  • 5 amor propio

    m.
    1 self-esteem, point of honor, pride, self-regard.
    2 egotism, conceit, amour-propre.
    * * *
    self-esteem
    * * *
    pride, self-esteem
    * * *
    pride, self-esteem
    * * *
    (n.) = self-esteem [self esteem], pride
    Ex. Searching descriptor fields for such key terms, e.g. 'FIND: self-esteem in de', can be far more precise than a free text search, eliminating false hits.
    Ex. It is a matter of some small pride that my account of the eighteenth edition of Dewey appeared at about the same time as the official publication of the scheme itself, thanks to the cooperation of the editor, Mr Ben Custer.
    * * *
    pride, self-esteem
    * * *
    (n.) = self-esteem [self esteem], pride

    Ex: Searching descriptor fields for such key terms, e.g. 'FIND: self-esteem in de', can be far more precise than a free text search, eliminating false hits.

    Ex: It is a matter of some small pride that my account of the eighteenth edition of Dewey appeared at about the same time as the official publication of the scheme itself, thanks to the cooperation of the editor, Mr Ben Custer.

    * * *
    self-respect

    Spanish-English dictionary > amor propio

  • 6 Ransome, Robert

    [br]
    b. 1753 Wells, Norfolk, England
    d. 1830 England
    [br]
    English inventor of a self-sharpening ploughshare and all-metal ploughs with interchangeable pans.
    [br]
    The son of a Quaker schoolmaster, Ransome served his apprenticeship with a Norfolk iron manufacturer and then went into business on his own in the same town, setting up one of the first brass and iron foundries in East Anglia. At an early stage of his career he was selling into Norfolk and Suffolk, well beyond the boundaries to be expected from a local craftsman. He achieved this through the use of forty-seven agents acting on his behalf. In 1789, with one employee and £200 capital, he transferred to Ipswich, where the company was to remain and where there was easier access to both raw materials and his markets. It was there that he discovered that cooling one part of a metal share during its casting could result in a self-sharpening share, and he patented the process in 1785.
    Ransome won a number of awards at the early Bath and West shows, a fact which demonstrates the extent of his markets. In 1808 he patented an all-metal plough made up of interchangeable parts, and the following year was making complete ploughs for sale. With interchangeable parts he was able to make composite ploughs suitable for a wide variety of conditions and therefore with potential markets all over the country.
    In 1815 he was joined by his son James, and at about the same time by William Cubitt. With the expertise of the latter the firm moved into bridge building and millwrighting, and was therefore able to withstand the agricultural depression which began to affect other manufacturers from about 1815. In 1818, under Cubitt's direction, Ransome built the gas-supply system for the town of Ipswich. In 1830 his grandson James Ransome joined the firm, and it was under his influence that the agricultural side was developed. There was a great expansion in the business after 1835.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    J.E.Ransome, 1865, Ploughs and Ploughing at the Royal Agricultural College at Cirencester in 1865, in which he outlined the accepted theories of the day.
    J.B.Passmore, 1930, The English Plough, Reading: University of Reading (provides a history of plough development from the eighth century to the in ter-war period).
    Ransome's Royal Records 1789–1939, produced by the company; D.R.Grace and D.C.Phillips, 1975, Ransomes of Ipswich, Reading: Institute of Agricultural History, Reading University (both provide information about Ransome in a more general account about the company and its products; Reading University holds the company archives).
    AP

    Biographical history of technology > Ransome, Robert

  • 7 bateratsu

    adb. about the same time; hirurok \bateratsu bukatu genuen geure lana the three of us finished our work at about the same time

    Euskara Ingelesa hiztegiaren > bateratsu

  • 8 Arnold, John

    SUBJECT AREA: Horology
    [br]
    b. 1735/6 Bodmin (?), Cornwall, England
    d. 25 August 1799 Eltham, London, England
    [br]
    English clock, watch, and chronometer maker who invented the isochronous helical balance spring and an improved form of detached detent escapement.
    [br]
    John Arnold was apprenticed to his father, a watchmaker, and then worked as an itinerant journeyman in the Low Countries and, later, in England. He settled in London in 1762 and rapidly established his reputation at Court by presenting George III with a miniature repeating watch mounted in a ring. He later abandoned the security of the Court for a more precarious living developing his chronometers, with some financial assistance from the Board of Longitude. Symbolically, in 1771 he moved from the vicinity of the Court at St James's to John Adam Street, which was close to the premises of the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures \& Commerce.
    By the time Arnold became interested in chronometry, Harrison had already demonstrated that longitude could be determined by means of a timekeeper, and the need was for a simpler instrument that could be sold at an affordable price for universal use at sea. Le Roy had shown that it was possible to dispense with a remontoire by using a detached escapement with an isochronous balance; Arnold was obviously thinking along the same lines, although he may not have been aware of Le Roy's work. By 1772 Arnold had developed his detached escapement, a pivoted detent which was quite different from that used on the European continent, and three years later he took out a patent for a compensation balance and a helical balance spring (Arnold used the spring in torsion and not in tension as Harrison had done). His compensation balance was similar in principle to that described by Le Roy and used riveted bimetallic strips to alter the radius of gyration of the balance by moving small weights radially. Although the helical balance spring was not completely isochronous it was a great improvement on the spiral spring, and in a later patent (1782) he showed how it could be made more truly isochronous by shaping the ends. In this form it was used universally in marine chronometers.
    Although Arnold's chronometers performed well, their long-term stability was less satisfactory because of the deterioration of the oil on the pivot of the detent. In his patent of 1782 he eliminated this defect by replacing the pivot with a spring, producing the spring detent escapement. This was also done independendy at about the same time by Berthoud and Earnshaw, although Earnshaw claimed vehemently that Arnold had plagiarized his work. Ironically it was Earnshaw's design that was finally adopted, although he had merely replaced Arnold's pivoted detent with a spring, while Arnold had completely redesigned the escapement. Earnshaw also improved the compensation balance by fusing the steel to the brass to form the bimetallic element, and it was in this form that it began to be used universally for chronometers and high-grade watches.
    As a result of the efforts of Arnold and Earnshaw, the marine chronometer emerged in what was essentially its final form by the end of the eighteenth century. The standardization of the design in England enabled it to be produced economically; whereas Larcum Kendall was paid £500 to copy Harrison's fourth timekeeper, Arnold was able to sell his chronometers for less than one-fifth of that amount. This combination of price and quality led to Britain's domination of the chronometer market during the nineteenth century.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    30 December 1775, "Timekeepers", British patent no. 1,113.
    2 May 1782, "A new escapement, and also a balance to compensate the effects arising from heat and cold in pocket chronometers, and for incurving the ends of the helical spring…", British patent no. 1,382.
    Further Reading
    R.T.Gould, 1923, The Marine Chronometer: Its History and Development, London; reprinted 1960, Holland Press (provides an overview).
    V.Mercer, 1972, John Arnold \& Son Chronometer Makers 1726–1843, London.
    DV

    Biographical history of technology > Arnold, John

  • 9 Harrison, James

    [br]
    b. 1816 Glasgow, Scotland
    d. 3 September 1893 Geelong, Victoria, Australia
    [br]
    Scottish pioneer of the transport of frozen meat.
    [br]
    James Harrison emigrated to Australia in 1834, and in 1840 settled in Geelong as a journalist. At one time he was editor of the Melbourne Age. In 1850 he began to devote his attention to the development of an ice-making scheme, erecting the first factory at Rodey Point, Barwin, in that year. In 1851 the Brewery Glasgow \& Co. in Bendigo, Victoria, installed the first Harrison refrigerator. He took out patents for his invention in 1856 and 1857, and visited London at about the same time. On his return to Australia he began experiments into the long-term freezing of meat. In 1873 he publicly exhibited the process in Melbourne and organized a banquet for the consumption of meat which had been in store for six months. In July of the same year the SS Norfolk sailed with a cargo of 20 tons of frozen mutton and beef, but this began to rot en route to London. The refrigeration plant was later put to use in a paraffin factory in London, but the failure ruined Harrison and took all his newspaper profits.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    J.T.Critchell, 1912, A History of the Frozen Meat Trade, London (gives a brief account of Harrison's abortive but essential part in the transport of frozen meat).
    AP

    Biographical history of technology > Harrison, James

  • 10 Generation

    f; -, -en generation (auch fig.); die Generation unserer Eltern our parents’ generation; Computer etc. der dritten Generation third-generation...; seit Generationen for generations
    * * *
    die Generation
    generation
    * * *
    Ge|ne|ra|ti|on [genəra'tsioːn]
    f -, -en
    generation

    ein technisches Gerät der ersten Generatión — a piece of first-generation technology

    Generatión X/\@ — generation X/\@

    * * *
    die
    1) (one stage in the descent of a family: All three generations - children, parents and grandparents - lived together quite happily.) generation
    2) (people born at about the same time: People of my generation all think the same way about this.) generation
    * * *
    Ge·ne·ra·ti·on
    <-, -en>
    [genəraˈtsi̯o:n]
    f
    1. (Menschenalter) generation
    seit \Generationen for generations
    2. (Menschen einer Generation) generation + sing/pl vb
    die ältere \Generation the older generation + sing/pl vb
    die heranwachsende \Generation the adolescent generation + sing/pl vb
    die junge/jüngere \Generation the young/younger generation + sing/pl vb
    3. SOZIOL generation
    4. TECH, INFORM generation
    * * *
    die; Generation, Generationen generation
    * * *
    Generation f; -, -en generation (auch fig);
    die Generation unserer Eltern our parents’ generation;
    Computer etc
    der dritten Generation third-generation …;
    seit Generationen for generations
    * * *
    die; Generation, Generationen generation

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Generation

  • 11 примерно в то же время

    2) Mathematics: at about the same time

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > примерно в то же время

  • 12 HLEYTI

    n.
    1) part = leyti;
    2) pl. affinity;
    gøra hleyti, bindast hleytum við e-n, to marry into another’s family.
    * * *
    n., hleti, or hlœti, in Norse MSS. spelt leyti, whence in mod. Icel. usage leiti
    I. plur. [for the root see hlaut, hlutr], kin, consanguinity; jöfra hleyti, royal blood, Fms. xi. (in a verse); görva hleyti við e-n, to marry into another’s family, Skv. 1. 34; hvárrgi þeirra Snorra né Arnkels þótti bera mega kviðinn fyrir hleyta sakir við sækjanda ok varnar-aðilja, Eb. 50, viz. Snorri being the brother-in-law to the plaintiff, Arnkell to the defendant; ef hann fengi hennar, heldr en þeim manni er ekki var við þá hleytum bundinn, Sks. 760; nauð-hleytamaðr (q. v.), a near kinsman; eiga hleyti við konu sína (= eiga hjúskap við), 689.
    2. a tribe, family; hann var af því kennimaðr at sínu hleyti, 625. 88, ‘in ordine vicis suae ante Deum’ of the Vulgate, Luke i. 8; þá kom at hleyti Zacharias at fremja biskups embætti, Hom. (St.); vil ek at þú gangir í mitt hleyti þó at ek sé nánari, Stj. 425, rendering of ‘tu meo utere privilegio’ of the Vulgate, Ruth iv. 6.
    II. sing. [hlutr], a share, usually spelt leiti; in the phrase, at nokkru, engu, öllu leiti, for some, none, every part; að mínu, þínu … leiti, for my, thy part, freq. in mod. usage, dropping the aspirate; at sumu leiti, Fas. iii. 159; at mínu leiti, Fb. ii. 204; at nokkuru leiti, iii. 575.
    2. of time, a season of the year, mod. leiti; um vetrnátta-leytið, D. N. i. 609; um Hallvarðsvöku-leytið, 392, iii. 206; um Jóla-leiti um Páska-leiti, um Jóns-messuleiti; annat leiti, another time; sögðu at honum þótti annat leiti ( sometimes) ekki úfært, en stundum ( sometimes) var hann svá hræddr, at …, Orkn. 418; um sama leiti, about the same time; um hvert leiti, at what time? when?
    COMPDS: hleytamenn, hleytismaðr.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > HLEYTI

  • 13 Ethnic minorities

       Traditionally and for a half millennium, Portugal has been a country of emigration, but in recent decades it has become a country of net immigration. During Portugal's long period of overseas empire, beginning in the 15th century, there was always more emigration overseas than immigration to Portugal. There were, nevertheless, populations of natives of Africa, Asia, and the Americas who came to Portugal during the 1450-1975 era. Historians continue to debate the actual numbers of migrants of African descent to Portugal during this period, but records suggest that the resident African population in Portugal during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries was a minority of some consequence but not as large as previously imagined.
       After the wars of independence in Africa began in 1961, and after India conquered and annexed former Portuguese Goa, Damão, and Diu in December of that year, Portugal began to receive more migrants from Asia and Africa than before. First came political refugees carrying Portuguese passports from former Portuguese India; these left India for Portugal in the early 1960s. But the larger numbers came from Portugal's former colonial territories in Africa, especially from Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau; these sought refuge from civil wars and conflicts following the end of the colonial wars and independence from Portugal. While a considerable number of the refugee wave of 1975-76 from these territories were of African as well as Afro-European descent, larger numbers of African migrants began to arrive in the 1980s. A major impetus for their migration to Portugal was to escape civil wars in Angola and Mozambique.
       Another wave of migrants of European descent came beginning in the 1990s, primarily from Ukraine, Russia, Rumania, and Moldova. Following the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, and the implosion of the Soviet Union, migrants from these countries arrived in Portugal in some number. At about the same time, there arrived migrants from Brazil and another former colony of Portugal, the isolated, poverty-stricken Cape Verde Islands. The largest number of foreign immigrants in Portugal continue to be the Brazilians and the Cape Verdeans, whose principal language is also Portuguese.
       Different ethnic migrant groups tended to work in certain occupations; for example, Brazilians were largely professional people, including dentists and technicians. Cape Verdeans, by and large, as well as numbers of other African migrants from former Portuguese African territories, worked in the construction industry or in restaurants and hotels. As of 2004, the non- European Union (EU) migrant population was over 374,000, while the EU migrant numbers were about 74,000.
       Of the foreign migrants from EU countries, the largest community was the British, with as many as 20,000 residents, with smaller numbers from France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. About 9,000 Americans reside in Portugal. Unlike many migrants from the non-EU countries noted above, who sought safety and a way to make a decent living, migrants from Europe and the United States include many who seek a comfortable retirement in Portugal, with its warm, sunny climate, fine cuisine, and security.
        1999 2004
       Brazil 20,851 Brazil 66,907
       Cape Verde Isl. Cape Verde Isl. 64,164
       Angola 17,721 Angola 35,264
       Guinea Bissau 25,148
       São Tomé 10,483
       Mozambique 5,472
       Ukraine 66,227
       Romania 12,155
       Moldova 13,689

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Ethnic minorities

  • 14 generation

    noun
    1) one stage in the descent of a family:

    All three generations – children, parents and grandparents – lived together quite happily.

    جيل
    2) people born at about the same time:

    People of my generation all think the same way about this.

    جيل

    Arabic-English dictionary > generation

  • 15 동시대인

    n. contemporary, person living at about the same time as another; person of about the same age as another

    Korean-English dictionary > 동시대인

  • 16 Smith, J.

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    fl. 1830s Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish inventor of the first endless chain of flats for carding.
    [br]
    Carding by hand required a pair of hand cards. The lump of tangled fibres was teased out by pulling one card across the other to even out the fibres and transfer them onto one of the cards from which they could be rolled up into a rollag or slubbing. When Arkwright began to use cylinder cards, the fibres were teased out as they passed from one cylinder to the next. In order to obtain a greater carding area, he soon introduced smaller cylinders and placed strips of flat card above the periphery of the main cylinder. These became clogged with short fibres and dirt, so they had to be lifted off and cleaned or "stripped" at intervals. The first to invent a self-stripping card was Archibald Buchanan, at the Catrine mills in Ayrshire, with his patent in 1823. In his arrangement each flat was turned upside down and stripped by a rotary brush. This was improved by Smith in 1834 and patented in the same year. Smith fixed the flats on an endless chain so that they travelled around the periphery of the top of the main cylinder. Just after the point where they left the cylinder, Smith placed a rotary brush and a comb to clear the brush. In this way each flat in turn was properly and regularly cleaned.
    Smith was an able mechanic and Managing Partner of the Deanston mills in Scotland. He visited Manchester, where he was warmly received on the introduction of his machine there at about the same time as he patented it in Scotland. The carding engine he designed was complex, for he arranged a double feed to obtain greater production. While this part of his patent was not developed, his chain or endless flats became the basis used in later cotton carding engines. He took out at least half a dozen other patents for textile machinery. These included two in 1834, the first for a self-acting mule and the second with J.C. Dyer for improvements to winding on to spools. There were further spinning patents in 1839 and 1844 and more for preparatory machinery including carding in 1841 and 1842. He was also interested in agriculture and invented a subsoil plough and other useful things.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1834, British patent no. 6,560 (self-stripping card). 1834, British patent no. 656 (self-acting mule). 1839, British patent no. 8,054.
    1841, British patent no. 8,796 (carding machine). 1842, British patent no. 9,313 (carding machine).
    1844, British patent no. 10,080.
    Further Reading
    E.Leigh, 1875, The Science of Modern Cotton Spinning Manchester (provides a good account of Smith's carding engine).
    W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London (covers the development of the carding engine).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Smith, J.

  • 17 Fado

       Traditional urban song and music sung by a man or woman, to the accompaniment of two stringed instruments. The Portuguese word, fado, derives from the Latin word for fate ( fatum), and the fado's usage does not distinguish the sex of the singer. Traditionally, wherever the fado is performed, the singer, the fadista—who is often but not always a woman wearing a shawl around her shoulders—is accompanied by the Portuguese guitarra, a 12-stringed mandolin-like instrument or lute, and the viola, a Spanish guitar. There are at least two contemporary variations of the fado: the Lisbon fado and the Coimbra or university student fado. While some authorities describe the song as typical of the urban working classes, its popularity and roots are wider than only this group and it appears that, although the song's historic origins are urban and working class, its current popularity is more universal. The historic origins of the fado are not only obscure but hotly debated among scholars and would-be experts. Some suggest that its origins are Brazilian and African, while others detect a Muslim, North African element mixed with Hispanic.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, there was talk that the fado's days were numbered as a popular song because it seemed an obsolete, regime-encouraged entertainment, which, like a drug or soporific, encouraged passivity. In the new Portugal, however, the fado is still popular among various classes, as well as among an increasingly large number of visitors and tourists. The fado is performed in restaurants, cafes, and special fado houses, not only in Portugal and other Lusophone countries like Brazil, but wherever Portuguese communities gather abroad. Although there do not appear to be schools of fado, fadistas learn their trade by apprenticeship to senior performers, both men and women.
       In fado history, Portugal's most celebrated fadista was Amália Rodrigues, who died in 1999. She made her premier American debut in New York's Carnegie Hall in the 1950s, at about the same time Americans were charmed by a popular song of the day, April in Portugal, an American version of a traditional Portuguese fado called Fado de Coimbra, about Coimbra University's romantic traditions. The most celebrated fadista of the first decade of the 21st century is Marisa dos Reis Nunes, with the stage name of Mariza, who embodies a new generation of singers' contemporary interpretation of fado. The predominant tone of the Lisbon variation of the fado, sung often in the areas of Alfama, Mouraria, Bairro Alto, and Alcântara, is that of nostalgia and saudade — sadness and regret. Traditionally, the Coimbra version has a lighter, less somber tone.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Fado

  • 18 Jobs, Steven Paul

    [br]
    b. 24 February 1955 San Francisco, California, USA
    [br]
    American engineer who, with Stephen Wozniak, built the first home computer.
    [br]
    Moving with his family to Mountain View, Palo Alto, in 1960, Jobs entered Homestead High School, Cupertino, in 1968. At about the same time he joined the Explorers' Club for young engineers set up by Hewlett-Packard Company. As a result of this contact, three years later he met up with Stephen Wozniak, who was working at Hewlett-Packard and helped him with the construction of the first home computer based on the 8-bit MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor. In 1973 he went to Reid College, Portland, Oregon, to study engineering, but he dropped out in the second semester and spent time in India. On his return he obtained a job with Atari to design video games, but he soon met up again with Wozniak, who had been unable to interest Hewlett-Packard in commercial development of his home computer. Together they therefore founded Apple Computer Company to make and market it, and found a willing buyer in the Byte Shop chain store. The venture proved successful, and with the help of a financial backer, Mike Markkula, a second version, the Apple II, was developed in 1976. With Jobs as Chairman, the company experienced a phenomenal growth and by 1983 had 4,700 employees and an annual turnover of US$983 million. The company then began to run into difficulties and John Sculley, a former president of Pepsi-Cola, was brought in to manage the business while Jobs concentrated on developing new computers, including the Apple Macintosh. Eventually a power struggle developed, and with Sculley now Chairman and Chief Executive, Jobs resigned in 1985 to set up his own computer company, NeXt.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    First National Technology Medal (with Wozniak) 1985.
    Further Reading
    J.S.Young, 1988, Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward: Scott Foresman \& Co. (includes a biography and a detailed account of Apple Company).
    M.Moritz, 1984, The Little Kingdom. The Private Story of Apple Computers.
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Jobs, Steven Paul

  • 19 Laval, Carl Gustaf Patrik de

    [br]
    b. 9 May 1845 Orsa, Sweden
    d. 2 February 1913 Stockholm, Sweden
    [br]
    Swedish inventor of an advanced cream separator and a steam turbine.
    [br]
    Gustaf de Laval was educated at the Stockholm Technical Institute and Uppsala University. He proved to have an unfailing vigour and variety in his inventive talent, for his interests ranged from electric lighting and electrometallurgy to aerodynamics. In the 1890s he employed over one hundred engineers to develop his inventions, but he was best known for two: the cream separator and a steam turbine. In 1877 he invented the high-speed centrifugal cream separator, which was probably the greatest advance in butter-making up to that time. By 1880 the separators were being successfully marketed all over the world, for they were quickly adopted in larger dairies where they effected enormous savings in labour and space. He followed this with various devices for the dairy industry, including a vacuum milking machine perfected in 1913. In c. 1882, de Laval invented a turbine on the principle of Hero's engine, but he quickly turned his attention to the impulse type, which was like Branca's, with a jet of steam impinging on a set of blades around the periphery of a wheel. He applied for a British patent in 1889. The steam was expanded in a single stage from the initial to the final pressure: to secure economy with the steam issuing at high velocity, the blades also had to rotate at high velocity. An early 5 hp (3.7 kW) turbine rotated at 30,000 rpm, so reduction gearing had to be introduced. Production started in Sweden in 1893 and in other countries at about the same time. In 1892 de Laval proposed employing one of his turbines of 15 hp (11 kW) in an experimental launch, but there is no evidence that it was ever actually installed in a vessel. However, his turbines were popular for powering electric generating sets for lighting textile mills and ships, and by 1900 were available in sizes up to 300 bhp (224 kW).
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1889, British patent no. 7,143 (steam turbine).
    Further Reading
    T.Althin, 1943, Life of de Laval, Stockholm (a full biography).
    T.I.Williams (ed.), 1969, A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists, London: A. \& C. Black (contains a brief biography).
    R.M.Neilson, 1902, The Steam Turbine, London: Longmans, Green \& Co. (fully covers the development of de Laval's steam turbine).
    H.W.Dickinson, 1938, A Short History of the Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press (contains a short account of the development of the steam turbine).
    R.L.Hills, 1989, Power from Steam. A History of the Stationary Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press (contains a short account).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Laval, Carl Gustaf Patrik de

  • 20 Wilde, Henry

    SUBJECT AREA: Electricity
    [br]
    b. 1833 Manchester, England
    d. 28 March 1919 Alderley Edge, Cheshire, England
    [br]
    English inventor and pioneer manufacturer of electrical generators.
    [br]
    After completing a mechanical engineering apprenticeship Wilde commenced in business as a telegraph and lightning conductor specialist in Lancashire. Several years spent on the design of an alphabetic telegraph resulted in a number of patents. In 1864 he secured a patent for an electromagnetic generator which gave alternating current from a shuttle-wound armature, the field being excited by a small direct-current magneto. Wilde's invention was described to the Royal Society by Faraday in March 1866. When demonstrated at the Paris Exhibition of 1867, Wilde's machine produced sufficient power to maintain an arc light. The small size of the generator provided a contrast to the large and heavy magnetoelectric machines also exhibited. He discovered, by experiment, that alternators in synchronism could be connected in parallel. At about the same time John Hopkinson arrived at the same conclusions on theoretical grounds.
    Between 1866 and 1877 he sold ninety-four machines with commutators for electroplating purposes, a number being purchased by Elkingtons of Birmingham. He also supplied generators for the first use of electric searchlights on battleships. In his early experiments Wilde was extremely close to the discovery of true self-excitation from remnant magnetism, a principle which he was to discover in 1867 on machines intended for electroplating. His patents proved to be financially successful and he retired from business in 1884. During the remaining thirty-five years of his life he published many scientific papers, turning from experimental work to philosophical and, finally, theological matters. His record as an inventor established him as a pioneer of electrical engineering, but his lack of scientific training was to restrict his later contributions.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1886.
    Bibliography
    1 December 1863, British patent no. 3,006 (alternator with a magneto-exciter).
    1866, Proceedings of the Royal Society 14:107–11 (first report on Wilde's experiments). 1900, autobiographical note, Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 29:3–17.
    Further Reading
    W.W.Haldane Gee. 1920, biography, Memoirs, Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society 63:1–16 (a comprehensive account).
    P.Dunsheath, 1962, A History of Electrical Engineering, London: Faber \& Faber, pp. 110–12 (a short account).
    GW

    Biographical history of technology > Wilde, Henry

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